I don't have a link for this but basically this is what I've determined so far.
The Fed owns 7T in U.S. Treasury securities, federal agency debt securities, and mortgage-backed securities through a special provision that allows it to create money to buy these assets.
It actually owns more, but this is just the portion bought with made up money and not customer deposits.
For assets bought with made up money, the Fed and its member banks receives a dividend at a rate capped at 6%.
The Federal Reserve uses part of the interest income to cover operating expenses, which include salaries, facilities, and other operational costs. (7.7B for 2023)
In addition, member banks received approximately $2.1B in dividend payments in 2023.
Any left over interest goes back to the Treasury.
Debt Holder Breakdown of the full 33T of US debt:
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Federal Reserve: ~22% of total federal debt.
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Foreign Holders: ~22% of total federal debt.
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U.S. Government Accounts: ~18% of total federal debt.
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Domestic Private Investors: ~27% of total federal debt.
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State and Local Governments: ~3% of total federal debt.
In summary, the Federal reserve profits greatly from buying up treasuries and other assets with made up money. This money goes to private member banks.
The Federal Reserve owns every piece of currency in existence, since it and it alone created it and leased it to the US government. There are no limits. There are no percentages. There are no restrictions. It will print hundreds of trillions more in order to purchase every single physical asset on the face of the Earth.
It's my understanding that this is very true, except that Russia has nationalized all of its banks and currency and that China has about 1/2 of its currency and economy controlled by Western banking cartel (along with North Korea), and half is nationalized.
In theory the government could print the money debt free. Taxes could be used to take money out of circulation. There is no reason we should be paying interest to the federal reserve, it's a dumb system.
The system is working exactly as intended.
The Federal Reserve isn’t Federal nor does it have reserves.
If the ((Fed and all central banks)) were destroyed and sovereign nations went back to the gold standard with mass deportation to keep those nations homogenous, we would have peace and prosperity.
The interest rates are what they are required to pay by the market in order to convince other countries to continue to purchase their debt. They make a lot of noise about the economy and caring about individuals and so on but in reality the market determines whether they need to raise rates. They lower rates because it gives them economic growth which increases the total amount they can issue.
What your breakdown misses is that the Fed (and other Western central banks) issue national currency in exchange for the bonds. So they technically own all the assets purchased with that currency, which, as you know, is loaned for use at interest, for no reason at all. So, your debt breakdown, I feel, is a bit skewed.
This is the video that got me started down the rabbit hole in the first place.
Economist Martin Armstrong discussing the US Debt and CBDCs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Zp9K9RMZts
The easy, peaceful, and most effective way to counter these criminals is to start migrating away from their currency.
The best alternative is Monero, a decentralized and free to use by anyone private digital cash.
You can obtain some by trading your dirty, blood soaked pedo notes for pristine XMR via the decentralized exchange called Haveno.
Here is a blog post on how to get started.
https://blog.nihilism.network/servers/haveno-client-f2f/index.html