My Question ist, how much nodes runned by military/Government.
It is completely meaningless question. Why do you care who provide an IP to present it for server you hide from? Even if every node you run through will belong to some gevernment agencies it would not make easier to the server owner to obtain your real IP.
Compromised Tor node is a node who somehow insert, say, a header with your real IP into your request and make your real IP available to the server owner.
I'll try to draw a picture of how Tor works. Seems that you don't understand what that thing is and how it really works.
Pornhub
| exit node
|| node
||| node
|||| entry node
|||| <- your IP
| <- your information including your target - Pornhub
You
"|" is a tuunel Tor create for every new node. It is like layers of onion. Tor creates a tunnel to entry node, than, it creates a tunnel inside that tuunel to next node, and so on, until it reaches exit node, effectively hide your IP from target and your target from intermediate nodes. Tunnels are encrypted, so it is nearly impossible for intemediate and entry nodes to access the inner tunnel. F.e. entry node have to decrypt every inner tunnel to get to the core. That is Tor purpose and way of working.
Entry node knows your IP, but does not know your target.
Exit node does not know your IP, but knows your target.
Intermediate nodes know nothing except IPs of previous and next node. So, even if all nodes are under the control of governments, Pornhub have to make a huge amount of work asking every government agency in every country where intermediate nodes resides, just to figure out your IP address.
It is nearly impossible to do, much easier to identify you by some cookies or any other Web2.0 crap. If a single node in that node chain will be independent and will not cooperate with Pornhub, it will fail to find out your IP.
Tor does not provide privacy. If you want to hide your information from Tor network you should use encryption for connecting with your target.
Tor does not provide security. If you want to securely login into your target you and your target have to use good auth methods, preferrably covered with good encryption.
Tor is not some magic thing that will hide you from everybody. It is only a tool to hide your IP from your target. If you want more, you have to use other tools, along with Tor, or choose other tool, like I2P to get what you need.
I see only one way of compromising Tor - somehow entry node crack all the layers of onion encryption, crack data encryption of your connection with target, insert some info about your real IP, then encrypt everything back. And this entry node have to do that enormous job very fast with every packet and connection you send through it because it does not know for shure, should it add your IP info to that packet or not. And all that just to make PornHub know your real IP. I don't even mention that PornHub should know in what header your real IP will be inserted by entry node and should have a desire to extract it.
What's the point, and why governments will want to do it?
What's wrong? Tor effectively hide your real IP from Pronhub using random nodes from different countries. That is onion routing made for.
It is completely meaningless question. Why do you care who provide an IP to present it for server you hide from? Even if every node you run through will belong to some gevernment agencies it would not make easier to the server owner to obtain your real IP.
Compromised Tor node is a node who somehow insert, say, a header with your real IP into your request and make your real IP available to the server owner.
I'll try to draw a picture of how Tor works. Seems that you don't understand what that thing is and how it really works.
Pornhub
| exit node
|| node
||| node
|||| entry node
|||| <- your IP
| <- your information including your target - Pornhub
You
"|" is a tuunel Tor create for every new node. It is like layers of onion. Tor creates a tunnel to entry node, than, it creates a tunnel inside that tuunel to next node, and so on, until it reaches exit node, effectively hide your IP from target and your target from intermediate nodes. Tunnels are encrypted, so it is nearly impossible for intemediate and entry nodes to access the inner tunnel. F.e. entry node have to decrypt every inner tunnel to get to the core. That is Tor purpose and way of working.
Entry node knows your IP, but does not know your target. Exit node does not know your IP, but knows your target. Intermediate nodes know nothing except IPs of previous and next node. So, even if all nodes are under the control of governments, Pornhub have to make a huge amount of work asking every government agency in every country where intermediate nodes resides, just to figure out your IP address. It is nearly impossible to do, much easier to identify you by some cookies or any other Web2.0 crap. If a single node in that node chain will be independent and will not cooperate with Pornhub, it will fail to find out your IP.
Tor does not provide privacy. If you want to hide your information from Tor network you should use encryption for connecting with your target.
Tor does not provide security. If you want to securely login into your target you and your target have to use good auth methods, preferrably covered with good encryption.
Tor is not some magic thing that will hide you from everybody. It is only a tool to hide your IP from your target. If you want more, you have to use other tools, along with Tor, or choose other tool, like I2P to get what you need.
What do you mean by "compromised"?
I see only one way of compromising Tor - somehow entry node crack all the layers of onion encryption, crack data encryption of your connection with target, insert some info about your real IP, then encrypt everything back. And this entry node have to do that enormous job very fast with every packet and connection you send through it because it does not know for shure, should it add your IP info to that packet or not. And all that just to make PornHub know your real IP. I don't even mention that PornHub should know in what header your real IP will be inserted by entry node and should have a desire to extract it.
What's the point, and why governments will want to do it?