A little research will reveal Afghanistan is center to two highly desired resources. Oil and the largest untapped lithium deposit ever discovered. There are also varying amounts of precious metals and raw uncut gems. Afghanistan was one of the few areas that supplied the highly prized stone Lapis Lasuli, as well as tin and copper. Metals necessary for the production of bronze. Each empire's invasion including Alexander the Great were after resources to enrich their nation. The end goal is the same today.