did the U.S. borrow money from foreign banks during Civil War? Im still reading and researching but up until 1862-3 I dont see any foreign investors listed in many places I have looked. I even looked at practically a biography of Jay Cooke and other then two or three lines faintly hinting at “usurers and speculators” of Europe and how this was an evil & bad idea to borrow from overseas. Also France and England were hostile and the loans would have also been highly dangerous. I am speaking pre- and during the civil war, I haven’t gotten to post civil war and Lincolns assassination.