[part 3]

41. Change of Jezebel's words (1 Kings 19:2) Book: 1 Kings Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has Jezebel say "if you are Elijah, I am Jezebel," while the Septuagint reads "if you are Elijah, myself, [I am] Jezebel." Reason: The Septuagint translator may have had a different Hebrew source text, or it may be a corruption in one of the versions.

42. Omission of "and all the people answered, Amen" (Nehemiah 8:6) Book: Nehemiah Original Date: Nehemiah written around 445-424 BCE. Edit Date: Added to later manuscripts. Reason: Likely added to reflect liturgical practice in the synagogue, where the congregation would respond "Amen.".

43. Change from "pierced" to "like a lion" in Psalm 22:16 Book: Psalms Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has "like a lion" while the Septuagint and some Dead Sea Scrolls have "pierced." Reason: The change in the Masoretic Text may have been a scribal error (a single letter was changed), making the verse less explicitly messianic.

44. Omission of Psalm 151 Book: Psalms Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text omits Psalm 151, which is found in the Septuagint. Reason: The Masoretic Text standardized a shorter Hebrew version, while the Septuagint was a Greek translation with a different approach to canon.

45. Addition of an entire section in Proverbs Book: Proverbs Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Septuagint version of Proverbs is in a different order and has additions that are not in the Masoretic Text. Reason: The Septuagint translators reinterpreted the book of Proverbs for its own Greek context.

46. Change in the description of Isaiah 9:6 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint and Dead Sea Scrolls version reads "Messenger of Great Counsel," while the Masoretic Text reads "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God". Reason: The Greek translator, who often translates freely, was likely struggling to make sense of a difficult Hebrew text and made an interpretive translation.

47. Addition of a phrase in Isaiah 9:6 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint adds the phrase "for I will bring peace upon the rulers, peace and health to him" in a later manuscript. Reason: The extra phrase may have been added by the translator for some reason, or it could have been a Hebrew reading known to him.

48. Change from "people" to "men" in Isaiah 36:11 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint uses the word "men" where the Masoretic Text reads "people". Reason: The Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa-a agrees with the Septuagint, suggesting that the Septuagint was translated from a different, older Hebrew source text.

49. Change in the number of words in Isaiah 40:7-8 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint has a shorter version of the text than the Masoretic Text. The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa-a) also has a shorter text. Reason: The Septuagint and 1QIsa-a may represent the shorter original, and the Masoretic Text may have been expanded by intentional scribal additions.

50. Addition of a longer reading in Jeremiah 33:14-26 Book: Jeremiah Original Date: Jeremiah written between 627-586 BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint version, translated in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE, is shorter and omits a section on the Davidic kingdom. Reason: The Septuagint likely represents an earlier, shorter version of the text, while the Masoretic Text contains later additions.

51. Change in Ezekiel 10:1 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: A verb occurs in the Masoretic Text that is omitted by the Septuagint and the Peshitta. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a shorter, older version of the text, or the Masoretic Text may have an addition.

52. Change in Ezekiel 23:3 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has a repeated verb, while the Septuagint and Peshitta have only one verb. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a shorter, older version of the text, or the Masoretic Text may have a stylistic change.

53. Change in Ezekiel 23:43 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text is considered corrupt, while the Septuagint and Peshitta have a reading that makes more sense. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a different Vorlage, or the Masoretic Text may be a scribal error.

54. The change in Ezekiel 28:11-19 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint translation, translated in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE, distinguishes the king from the cherub. Reason: A theological modification by the Greek translator to suppress hints of the king's divinity.

55. The doxology in the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:13) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Added to manuscripts as early as the 2nd or 3rd century. Reason: A later addition believed to have come from liturgical practices used in early Christian worship services.

56. The change from "the kingdom of God" to "the kingdom of the heavens" (Matthew 19:24) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This variant is present in some manuscripts. Reason: A scribal change to avoid using the word "God" directly, a common practice in some Jewish traditions.

57. Omission of "nor the Son" (Matthew 24:36) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Omitted in some later manuscripts, including the Textus Receptus, sometime after the 4th century. Reason: A "pious correction" by scribes to protect the doctrine of Christ’s omniscience, as the phrase implies a limitation to

58. Jesus' divine knowledge.
    The change in the word "covenant" (Matthew 26:28) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Matthew read "my blood of the new covenant," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal clarification to match the wording of other gospels.

59. The change in the word "covenant" (Matthew 26:28) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Matthew read "my blood of the new covenant," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal clarification to match the wording of other gospels.

60. The addition of "and he was with the wild animals" (Mark 1:13) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal addition to add more detail to the narrative.

61. The change in Jesus’s response to a leper (Mark 1:41) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The change from Jesus "being angry" to "moved with compassion" occurred sometime after the 5th century CE. Reason: A scribal change to remove a potentially "unsuitable" emotion, anger, from Jesus’s character to protect his image.

62. The omission of "and his disciples" (Mark 2:23) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

63. The omission of "and he cried out with a loud voice" (Mark 5:7) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

64. The omission of "and the unclean spirits came out" (Mark 5:13) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

65. Addition of "and he said to them" (Mark 6:30) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is added in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal addition to make the flow of the narrative more explicit.

66. The omission of a phrase in Mark 7:16 Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The verse "If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear" is absent from the earliest manuscripts. It was added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other similar passages in the Gospels.

67. The addition of "in your name" in Mark 9:41. Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in the earliest manuscripts. Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other passages in the Gospels.

68. The omission of phrases in Mark 9:44, 46 Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The verses "where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched" are absent from the earliest manuscripts. Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with Mark 9:48 and a desire for emphasis.

69. The change from "the Son" to "the Son of Man" (Mark 13:32) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This variant is found in some later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other passages in the Gospels.

70. The omission of "in the synagogue" (Luke 4:16) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

71. Change from "man" to "air" (Luke 6:22) Book: Luke Original Date: Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: An 8th-century manuscript accidentally skipped a letter while copying the Greek word for "man," changing it to "air." Reason: An unintentional scribal error.

72. The doxology in the Lord’s Prayer (Luke 11:2) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to make Luke's version of the prayer match Matthew's.

73. Change of "sinners" to "the tax collectors" (Luke 15:1) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The change is found in some later manuscripts. Reason: A scribe's effort to be more specific in their description of Jesus's audience.

74. The change from "a man" to "a certain rich man" (Luke 16:19) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This minor addition is found in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal clarification to make the parable's character more explicit.

75. Change from "a certain man" to "a certain rich man" (Luke 16:19) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This minor addition is found in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal clarification to make the parable's character more explicit.

76. The omission of a verse in Luke 17:36 Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The verse "Two men will be in the field; one will be taken and the other left" is absent from the earliest manuscripts. This verse was added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with the parallel passage in Matthew 24:40.

77. The change in the word "covenant" (Luke 22:20) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Luke read "This cup is the new covenant in my blood," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to match the wording of other gospels.

78. Change in the word "covenant" (Luke 22:20) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Luke read "This cup is the new covenant in my blood," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to match the wording of other gospels.

79. The omission of an entire verse in Luke 23:17 Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The verse "For it was necessary for him to release one to them at the feast" is missing from the earliest manuscripts. Added to later manuscripts. Reason: An interpolation to harmonize with the parallel accounts in Matthew and Mark.

80. Addition of a phrase (Luke 24:53) Book: Luke Original Date: Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The original reading was either "continually in the temple blessing God" or "praising God." Later scribes combined these into "praising and blessing God." This conflation appeared in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal conflation to combine two known readings into one.

[continued in part 4]

[part 4]

41. Change of Jezebel's words (1 Kings 19:2) Book: 1 Kings Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has Jezebel say "if you are Elijah, I am Jezebel," while the Septuagint reads "if you are Elijah, myself, [I am] Jezebel." Reason: The Septuagint translator may have had a different Hebrew source text, or it may be a corruption in one of the versions.

42. Omission of "and all the people answered, Amen" (Nehemiah 8:6) Book: Nehemiah Original Date: Nehemiah written around 445-424 BCE. Edit Date: Added to later manuscripts. Reason: Likely added to reflect liturgical practice in the synagogue, where the congregation would respond "Amen.".

43. Change from "pierced" to "like a lion" in Psalm 22:16 Book: Psalms Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has "like a lion" while the Septuagint and some Dead Sea Scrolls have "pierced." Reason: The change in the Masoretic Text may have been a scribal error (a single letter was changed), making the verse less explicitly messianic.

44. Omission of Psalm 151 Book: Psalms Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text omits Psalm 151, which is found in the Septuagint. Reason: The Masoretic Text standardized a shorter Hebrew version, while the Septuagint was a Greek translation with a different approach to canon.

45. Addition of an entire section in Proverbs Book: Proverbs Original Date: The text is ancient. Edit Date: The Septuagint version of Proverbs is in a different order and has additions that are not in the Masoretic Text. Reason: The Septuagint translators reinterpreted the book of Proverbs for its own Greek context.

46. Change in the description of Isaiah 9:6 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint and Dead Sea Scrolls version reads "Messenger of Great Counsel," while the Masoretic Text reads "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God". Reason: The Greek translator, who often translates freely, was likely struggling to make sense of a difficult Hebrew text and made an interpretive translation.

47. Addition of a phrase in Isaiah 9:6 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint adds the phrase "for I will bring peace upon the rulers, peace and health to him" in a later manuscript. Reason: The extra phrase may have been added by the translator for some reason, or it could have been a Hebrew reading known to him.

48. Change from "people" to "men" in Isaiah 36:11 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint uses the word "men" where the Masoretic Text reads "people". Reason: The Dead Sea Scroll 1QIsa-a agrees with the Septuagint, suggesting that the Septuagint was translated from a different, older Hebrew source text.

49. Change in the number of words in Isaiah 40:7-8 Book: Isaiah Original Date: Isaiah written in the 8th century BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint has a shorter version of the text than the Masoretic Text. The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa-a) also has a shorter text. Reason: The Septuagint and 1QIsa-a may represent the shorter original, and the Masoretic Text may have been expanded by intentional scribal additions.

50. Addition of a longer reading in Jeremiah 33:14-26 Book: Jeremiah Original Date: Jeremiah written between 627-586 BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint version, translated in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE, is shorter and omits a section on the Davidic kingdom. Reason: The Septuagint likely represents an earlier, shorter version of the text, while the Masoretic Text contains later additions.

51. Change in Ezekiel 10:1 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: A verb occurs in the Masoretic Text that is omitted by the Septuagint and the Peshitta. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a shorter, older version of the text, or the Masoretic Text may have an addition.

52. Change in Ezekiel 23:3 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text has a repeated verb, while the Septuagint and Peshitta have only one verb. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a shorter, older version of the text, or the Masoretic Text may have a stylistic change.

53. Change in Ezekiel 23:43 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Masoretic Text is considered corrupt, while the Septuagint and Peshitta have a reading that makes more sense. Reason: The Septuagint and Peshitta may represent a different Vorlage, or the Masoretic Text may be a scribal error.

54. The change in Ezekiel 28:11-19 Book: Ezekiel Original Date: Ezekiel written between 593-571 BCE. Edit Date: The Septuagint translation, translated in the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE, distinguishes the king from the cherub. Reason: A theological modification by the Greek translator to suppress hints of the king's divinity.

55. The doxology in the Lord’s Prayer (Matthew 6:13) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Added to manuscripts as early as the 2nd or 3rd century. Reason: A later addition believed to have come from liturgical practices used in early Christian worship services.

56. The change from "the kingdom of God" to "the kingdom of the heavens" (Matthew 19:24) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This variant is present in some manuscripts. Reason: A scribal change to avoid using the word "God" directly, a common practice in some Jewish traditions.

57. Omission of "nor the Son" (Matthew 24:36) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Omitted in some later manuscripts, including the Textus Receptus, sometime after the 4th century. Reason: A "pious correction" by scribes to protect the doctrine of Christ’s omniscience, as the phrase implies a limitation to

58. Jesus' divine knowledge.
    The change in the word "covenant" (Matthew 26:28) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Matthew read "my blood of the new covenant," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal clarification to match the wording of other gospels.

59. The change in the word "covenant" (Matthew 26:28) Book: Matthew Original Date: Gospel of Matthew written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Matthew read "my blood of the new covenant," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal clarification to match the wording of other gospels.

60. The addition of "and he was with the wild animals" (Mark 1:13) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal addition to add more detail to the narrative.

61. The change in Jesus’s response to a leper (Mark 1:41) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The change from Jesus "being angry" to "moved with compassion" occurred sometime after the 5th century CE. Reason: A scribal change to remove a potentially "unsuitable" emotion, anger, from Jesus’s character to protect his image.

62. The omission of "and his disciples" (Mark 2:23) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

63. The omission of "and he cried out with a loud voice" (Mark 5:7) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

64. The omission of "and the unclean spirits came out" (Mark 5:13) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

65. Addition of "and he said to them" (Mark 6:30) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is added in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal addition to make the flow of the narrative more explicit.

66. The omission of a phrase in Mark 7:16 Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The verse "If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear" is absent from the earliest manuscripts. It was added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other similar passages in the Gospels.

67. The addition of "in your name" in Mark 9:41. Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in the earliest manuscripts. Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other passages in the Gospels.

68. The omission of phrases in Mark 9:44, 46 Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: The verses "where their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched" are absent from the earliest manuscripts. Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with Mark 9:48 and a desire for emphasis.

69. The change from "the Son" to "the Son of Man" (Mark 13:32) Book: Mark Original Date: Gospel of Mark written around 60-70 CE. Edit Date: This variant is found in some later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with other passages in the Gospels.

70. The omission of "in the synagogue" (Luke 4:16) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This phrase is absent in some manuscripts. The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal error or a deliberate omission.

71. Change from "man" to "air" (Luke 6:22) Book: Luke Original Date: Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: An 8th-century manuscript accidentally skipped a letter while copying the Greek word for "man," changing it to "air." Reason: An unintentional scribal error.

72. The doxology in the Lord’s Prayer (Luke 11:2) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to make Luke's version of the prayer match Matthew's.

73. Change of "sinners" to "the tax collectors" (Luke 15:1) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The change is found in some later manuscripts. Reason: A scribe's effort to be more specific in their description of Jesus's audience.

74. The change from "a man" to "a certain rich man" (Luke 16:19) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This minor addition is found in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal clarification to make the parable's character more explicit.

75. Change from "a certain man" to "a certain rich man" (Luke 16:19) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: This minor addition is found in some manuscripts but not in the earliest ones. Reason: A scribal clarification to make the parable's character more explicit.

76. The omission of a verse in Luke 17:36 Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The verse "Two men will be in the field; one will be taken and the other left" is absent from the earliest manuscripts. This verse was added in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization with the parallel passage in Matthew 24:40.

77. The change in the word "covenant" (Luke 22:20) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Luke read "This cup is the new covenant in my blood," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to match the wording of other gospels.

78. Change in the word "covenant" (Luke 22:20) Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: Some manuscripts of Luke read "This cup is the new covenant in my blood," while others omit the word "new." The change appears in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal harmonization to match the wording of other gospels.

79. The omission of an entire verse in Luke 23:17 Book: Luke Original Date: Gospel of Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The verse "For it was necessary for him to release one to them at the feast" is missing from the earliest manuscripts. Added to later manuscripts. Reason: An interpolation to harmonize with the parallel accounts in Matthew and Mark.

80. Addition of a phrase (Luke 24:53) Book: Luke Original Date: Luke written around 70-80 CE. Edit Date: The original reading was either "continually in the temple blessing God" or "praising God." Later scribes combined these into "praising and blessing God." This conflation appeared in later manuscripts. Reason: A scribal conflation to combine two known readings into one.

[continued in part 5]