.223 isn't going to lose a lot of velocity after 140 yards. At that distance it retains roughly 80% of its initial velocity: https://gundata.org/blog/post/223-ballistics-chart/
Like most rifle rounds, it causes damage from the cavitation effect. This was not seen in DJT's injury.
Cavitation: The wounding effect of the cavitation phenomenon is only significant in velocities surpassing 1,000 feet per second. When a missile enters the body, the kinetic energy imparted on the surrounding tissues forces them forward and radially in the wake of the missile, causing the wound cavity to be stretched outward, creating a “temporary” cavity or temporary displacement of tissues in the projectile’s path. Produced by the large amount of kinetic energy transferred to the tissue, this cavity may be up to 30 times the diameter of the projectile, has a lifetime of 5 to 10 milli-seconds, produces pressures of 100 to 200 atmospheres and collapses into the “permanent” cavity or wound (bullet) track in a pulsatile fashion. The “permanent” cavity is caused by the path of the bullet itself, the diameter of which is variable but usually larger than the diameter of the bullet. If the pressure of temporary cavity formation exceeds the elastic limit of the tissue, then the organ may be disrupted (“bursts”) and a large permanent cavity seen reflects the size of the temporary cavity. Organs which are dense, (and thus cause greater loss of projectile KE), and relatively inelastic are most susceptible to this bursting effect e.g. liver. Organs with low density and high elasticity are relatively protected e.g. lung. Organs such as muscle and skin, which have similar density to liver, are relatively protected because of their elasticity. High-velocity gunshot wounds of the head produce bursting injuries of the skull due to temporary cavity formation. A missile’s ability to produce a temporary cavity is considered an important component in wound production and degree of destruction especially in high-velocity rifle wounds, e.g. centrefire hunting rifles
https://www.emergencymedicinekenya.org/gunshot-wounds/
Enough science for you?
.223 isn't going to lose a lot of velocity after 140 yards. At that distance it retains roughly 99% of its initial velocity: https://gundata.org/blog/post/223-ballistics-chart/
Like most rifle rounds, it causes damage from the cavitation effect. This was not seen in DJT's injury.
Cavitation: The wounding effect of the cavitation phenomenon is only significant in velocities surpassing 1,000 feet per second. When a missile enters the body, the kinetic energy imparted on the surrounding tissues forces them forward and radially in the wake of the missile, causing the wound cavity to be stretched outward, creating a “temporary” cavity or temporary displacement of tissues in the projectile’s path. Produced by the large amount of kinetic energy transferred to the tissue, this cavity may be up to 30 times the diameter of the projectile, has a lifetime of 5 to 10 milli-seconds, produces pressures of 100 to 200 atmospheres and collapses into the “permanent” cavity or wound (bullet) track in a pulsatile fashion. The “permanent” cavity is caused by the path of the bullet itself, the diameter of which is variable but usually larger than the diameter of the bullet. If the pressure of temporary cavity formation exceeds the elastic limit of the tissue, then the organ may be disrupted (“bursts”) and a large permanent cavity seen reflects the size of the temporary cavity. Organs which are dense, (and thus cause greater loss of projectile KE), and relatively inelastic are most susceptible to this bursting effect e.g. liver. Organs with low density and high elasticity are relatively protected e.g. lung. Organs such as muscle and skin, which have similar density to liver, are relatively protected because of their elasticity. High-velocity gunshot wounds of the head produce bursting injuries of the skull due to temporary cavity formation. A missile’s ability to produce a temporary cavity is considered an important component in wound production and degree of destruction especially in high-velocity rifle wounds, e.g. centrefire hunting rifles
https://www.emergencymedicinekenya.org/gunshot-wounds/
Enough science for you?