Recently James Corbett did an episode of Corbett Report on tools for online researchers. He listed some he uses and then his site members listed more in the comments.
Here I've compiled them all together with a brief explanation. You can now find this list on the links page in it's own "Tools" section. Suggestions for additions to the list are welcome, here in the comments, or sent to modmail anytime.
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youtube-dl - comprehensive program for downloading youtube videos - terminal or GUI - with many options
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Yandex Image Search - excellent image search & reverse image search too
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convertcase - convert the case of copy/pasted text
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highlighter - extension for an online highlighter
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HTtrack or webhttrack - download and preserve entire websites
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Web to PDF - online webpage to pdf convertor
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Million Short - Million Short makes it easy to discover sites that just don't make it to the top of the search engine results for whatever reason
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Archive web pages: https://archive.ph/ or https://archive.is
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https://ricks-apps.com/osx/sitesucker/ (like Htrack for OSX)
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nsfwyoutube.com - watch age-restriced videos on youtube without signing in. Just paste nsfw in front of youtube in addressbar of video
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Bypass Paywalls - extension for Chrome, Brave, Chromium - also available for Firefox
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Open Broadcaster Software - download in-progress live streamed videos
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ArchiveBox - powerful, self-hosted internet archiving solution to collect, save, and view sites you want to preserve offline
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Wallabag - self hostable application for saving web pages: Save and classify articles. Read them later. Freely.
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Keepnote - note taking application that works on Windows, Linux, and MacOS X
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WayBack Machine Downloader - Download archived webpages from wayback machine
The Video DownloadHelper extension is by far the best method to download videos.
Sometimes, Facebook videos can stubbornly resist downloaders. To download those videos:
(1) Click play on the facebook video
(2) Click the full screen button. This will change your url to the video's url.
(3) Edit the url by replacing "www." with "mbasic."
(4) You're still on facebook but a dumbed down version, so click play on your video again.
(5) You can now download the playing video by right clicking on it and selecting "Save Video"
Also, Print Friendly is a great extension to get rid of all the border frames and clutter when saving webpages, so you only get the stuff you want