1800 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Swedes had been at war with the Tripolitans when they were joined by the Americans.
1801 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Barbary pirates demanded tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. If they failed to pay, the pirates would attack the ship, take their goods, and often enslave crew members or hold them for ransom.
When Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States in March 1801, he refused to pay tribute and sent a United States Naval fleet to the Mediterranean. The fleet bombarded various fortified pirate cities in present-day Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria, ultimately extracting concessions of fair passage from their rulers.
1804 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: A US Navy expedition under Commodore Edward Preble engaged gunboats and fortifications in Tripoli.
1812 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: James Madison, Jefferson's successor, directed military forces for the second war with Barbary Pirates shortly after the conclusion of the War of 1812 with the Treaty of Ghent.
1816 August 27 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians, Anglo-Dutch raid on Algiers, Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth: immobilized most of the Pirate fleet, the Dey of Algiers was forced to agree to terms which included the release of the surviving 1,200 Christian slaves and the cessation of the practice of enslaving Christians, although slave trading in non-Europeans could still continue. After losing in this period of formal hostilities with European and American powers, the Barbary states went into decline.
1817 September 5 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians, Karamanli Dyansty, Barbary Wars: Yusuf Karamanli invited the leaders of Libyan tribe of Al-Jawazi to his castle in Benghazi, following a dispute regrading tribute and uprising against his rule. Consequently, the Pasha ordered the execution of all attendees and chasing down the other tribe members which resulted in massacring at least 10,000 people, who eventually sought refuge in the neighboring countries, especially in Egypt.
1824 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Barbary pirates did not cease their operations, and another raid by the UK on Algiers took place in 1824.
1830 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: France invaded Algiers, placing it under colonial rule.
1835 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tripoli returned to direct Ottoman control.
1881 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tunis was invaded by France.
1911 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tripoli falls into Italian hands in the Italo-Turkish War. As such, the slave traders now found that they had to work in accordance with the laws of their governors, and could no longer look to self-regulation.
BARBARY SLAVE TRADE OF CHRISTIANS
1800 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Swedes had been at war with the Tripolitans when they were joined by the Americans.
1801 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Barbary pirates demanded tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. If they failed to pay, the pirates would attack the ship, take their goods, and often enslave crew members or hold them for ransom.
1804 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: A US Navy expedition under Commodore Edward Preble engaged gunboats and fortifications in Tripoli.
1812 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: James Madison, Jefferson's successor, directed military forces for the second war with Barbary Pirates shortly after the conclusion of the War of 1812 with the Treaty of Ghent.
1816 August 27 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians, Anglo-Dutch raid on Algiers, Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth: immobilized most of the Pirate fleet, the Dey of Algiers was forced to agree to terms which included the release of the surviving 1,200 Christian slaves and the cessation of the practice of enslaving Christians, although slave trading in non-Europeans could still continue. After losing in this period of formal hostilities with European and American powers, the Barbary states went into decline.
1817 September 5 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians, Karamanli Dyansty, Barbary Wars: Yusuf Karamanli invited the leaders of Libyan tribe of Al-Jawazi to his castle in Benghazi, following a dispute regrading tribute and uprising against his rule. Consequently, the Pasha ordered the execution of all attendees and chasing down the other tribe members which resulted in massacring at least 10,000 people, who eventually sought refuge in the neighboring countries, especially in Egypt.
1824 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: The Barbary pirates did not cease their operations, and another raid by the UK on Algiers took place in 1824.
1830 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: France invaded Algiers, placing it under colonial rule.
1835 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tripoli returned to direct Ottoman control.
1881 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tunis was invaded by France.
1911 Barbary Slave Trade of Christians: Tripoli falls into Italian hands in the Italo-Turkish War. As such, the slave traders now found that they had to work in accordance with the laws of their governors, and could no longer look to self-regulation.