To falsify a scientific theory you either present another theory that explains the observations better

No and absolutely not. That's pulled straight out of Uranus.

pseudo-philosophical arguments.

It's just logic to make sure something is consistent with reality. You can't predict mutually exclusive happenings as part of your results. Either something happened or it didn't. It can't "happen for one observer" but not the other in the same instant. If two light beams hit someone at different times physically, then that is all that happened.

To falsify a scientific theory you either present another theory that explains the observations better

No and absolutely not. That's pulled straight out of Uranus.

pseudo-philosophical arguments.

It's just logic to make sure something is consistent with reality. You can't predict mutually exclusive happenings as part of your results. Either something happened or it didn't. It can't "happen for one observer" but not the other in the same instant.