Einstein told us that the speed of light must always, not only appear, but BE the same in every frame of reference no matter how fast we are moving towards or away from it. So even if you are moving at half the speed of light towards a light beam, the entire universe must conspire to either "speed up" or slow down your "time" to account for this difference.
If that makes sense to you, you are no longer sane. You cannot create scenarios of two mutually exclusive events at the same time and call that reality. This is fundamental to reason.
To show this contradiction, consider you are running away from a light beam and towards another at the same time. You move at half the speed of light. Of course in real life you will encounter the light you are moving towards first, but in Einstein's universe both beams MUST (in your world) hit you at the same time. However, in Einstein's universe, someone else will see them hit you at different times because they also MUST see light travel at a certain speed. This is just plain fucking stupid.
At best you can have an illusory effect, but to confuse that with a real difference in simultaneity is to truly give up on reason itself.
To show a theory is incorrect one does not need to provide a replacement for the theory. I've already demonstrated SR defies the basis of reason itself, the notion of objective reality.
To falsify a scientific theory you either present another theory that explains the observations better than the other one or by conducting experiments that contradict the predictions.
You cannot falsify a scientific theory by invoking pseudo-philosophical arguments.
No and absolutely not. That's pulled straight out of Uranus.
It's just logic to make sure something is consistent with reality. You can't predict mutually exclusive happenings as part of your results. Either something happened or it didn't. It can't "happen for one observer" but not the other in the same instant. If two light beams hit someone at different times physically, then that is all that happened.
Yes, absolutely. That´s how the scientific method works.
You don´t know what you are talking about.