Actually there is no math component required for it to be a theory.... It just has to be sufficiently proven through repeated tests and experiments. That can and often does involve math, but it doesn't have to necessarily.

You are absolutely right, math is not absolutely necessary, proof could be obtained without it, just in most cases especially in physics/chemistry, some math appears when hypothesis become theory.

Strictly speaking, it's not math, it is predictability, which provide way of proving/disproving. If you could predict outcome of your hypothesis given input variables/conditions, and so could check if it happens in reality, it is already a theory.