Flat Earth can predict and calculate nothing.
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This is incorrect, but popularly advertised.
Eratosthenes never figured anything out regarding the shape of the world. He was taught from childhood, as we all are today, that the earth is spherical and never doubted this teaching nor sought to validate/prove it.
In fact, his procedure and calculation require that the earth be spherical (and many further unvalidated assumptions) in order to be meaningful at all.
He calculated the size of the world assuming it was spherical (with many other assumptions besides).
So what did he measure if not the circumference?
This is much like the question you asked regarding the procedure you supplied that you thought measured the curvature of water when it didn't.
What eratosthenes (his slave, actually), apocryphally, measured was the angle/length of shadows. Obviously.
What he calculated was the circumference of the world IF it was spherical, sunlight rays are always parallel, and a few other unvalidated assumptions.
If the world is not spherical and/or any of the other underlying assumptions were wrong then what he calculated was just nonsense.